Vocabulary
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Cataract Definition: A large waterfall. Significance: Provides protection from foreign invaders for the ancient Egyptians because it is hard to get past. Also it is a resource of transportation. Linen Definition: Cloth woven from flax. Significance: Linen provides a good source of clothing, and for trading. Also, the flax inside of linen is very fibrous and can be used for protection. Papyrus Definition: A material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats. Significance: Used to make paper because it was strong and durable. Dynasty Definition: A line of hereditary rulers of a country. Significance: The Dynasty's led the people in Egypt to become more powerful, and more successful in situations. Step Pyramid Definition: A step pyramid or stepped pyramid is an architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid. Step pyramids are structures which characterized several cultures throughout history, in several locations throughout the world. Significance: The Step Pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture, both in Egypt and in the world as a whole. Ramses ll Definition: Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. Significance: The importance of Ramses II’s reign to the Nineteenth Dynasty cannot be understated: He ruled as pharaoh longer than the seven other Nineteenth-Dynasty pharaohs combined and his reign was marked by the dynasty’s most important military campaigns. Delta Definition: A triangular mass of silt and sand, deposited at the mouth of a river. Significance: The delta brought many layers of silt for the Egyptians to grow and plant their crops. Red Land, Black Land Definition: This was the only land in ancient Egypt that could be farmed because a layer of rich, black silt was deposited there every year after the Nile flooded. The 'red land' was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. Significance:The 'black land' was the fertile land on the banks of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians used this land for growing their crops. This was the only land in ancient Egypt that could be farmed because a layer of rich, black silt was deposited there every year after the Nile flooded. The 'red land' was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. These deserts separated ancient Egypt from neighbouring countries and invading armies. They also provided the ancient Egyptians with a source for precious metals and semi-precious stones. Afterlife Definition: (in some religions) life after death. Significance: The Egyptians believed that there was a life after you died, so the afterlife played a big role in their beliefs and culture. Succession Definition: A number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other. Significance: It is important because it keeps the power inside of the society, and new leaders. Khufu Definition: second king of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575-c. 2465 BC) of Egypt and builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza, the largest single building to that time. Significance: Khufu was the first pharaoh to build a pyramid at Giza. The sheer scale of this monument stands as testament to his skills in commanding the material and human resources of his country. It is now believed the pyramids were built using conscripted labour rather than slaves. The idea that Khufu used slaves to build the pyramid comes from Greek historian Herodotus. Silt Definition: Silt, deposited by annual floods along the Nile River, created the rich, fertile soil that sustained the Ancient Egyptian civilization. Significance: Silt provides rich, fertile soil that that makes it easier to grow crops for the Egyptian farmers. Scribe Definition: A scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand as a profession and helps keep track of records. Significance: Scribes recorded records and pieces of culture that now we can use for figuring out what it was like in the past. We can understand from these records more about the Egyptians beliefs and culture. Embalm Definition: To treat (a dead body) so as to preserve it, as with chemicals, drugs,or balsams. Significance: To embalm a body, and preserve it, was a part of the Egyptian culture, and this part of the preserving stage was very important to them, to praise the dead. Pharaoh Definition: A ruler in ancient Egypt. Significance: The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'. Also, Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land. Hatshepsut Definition: Queen of Egypt of the l8th dynasty (?1512-1482 bc). She built a great mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri near Thebes. Significance: She was a very important queen that ruled the people of Egypt, and she built a very important temple that brought use to many people. Hieroglyph Definition: The ancient Greeks first used the term hieroglyph (meaning "sacred carving") to describe decorative characters carved on Egyptian monuments. The term is now mainly used to refer to the system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians. Significance: The Egyptians used this as a way to represent idea's, characters, and warnings. Without this writing, the Egyptians wouldn't be able to express their ideas and feelings. Mummy Definition: (especially in ancient Egypt) a body of a human being or animal that has been ceremonially preserved by removal of the internal organs, treatment with natron and resin, and wrapping in bandages. Significance: These mummies resembled the life after death. The Egyptian culture believed in having life after death, so these people that have died, the Egyptians would wrap them, preserving them for another life. Pyramid Definition: A monumental structure with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top, especially one built of stone as a royal tomb in ancient Egypt. Significance: The pyramids smooth, angled sides symbolized the rays of the sun and were designed to help the king's soul ascend to heaven and join the gods, particularly the sun god Ra. Also, some pyramids were used to put dead people in, to symbolize their great wealth that he/she brought to the society. Obelisk Definition: Tapered four-sided pillar, originally erected in pairs at the entrance to ancient Egyptian temples. The Egyptian obelisk was carved from a single piece of stone, usually granite, and embellished with hieroglyphics. Significance: The significance of the Obelisk is that it protected the Egyptians from any danger. |